WikiCU - User contributions [en]

1020

2022-09-07T03:37:50Z

72736379:

[[File:1020 2-1.jpg|thumb|1020 on a weekend night]]
[[File:IMG 1809.jpg|thumb|1020's interior, from the back<ref>http://bwog.com/2013/02/22/1020-gets-screwed/</ref>]]
[[File:1012_vacation_sign.jpeg|thumb|Notice posted at 1020 shortly after allegations of sexual harassment was published by [[Spec]].]]

'''1020''' is a well-loved bar on [[Amsterdam Avenue]] at 110th St. It was once the low-key haunt of grad students and hipsters. Today, although it continues to skew a little older, 1020 is now home to a more energetic crowd. There's usually a line outside the door on Thursday through Saturday nights. IDs and scans. Someone also celebrated his 21st birthday there once—with his parents. In [[2012]], [[Robert & Kristine|Robert met Kristine here, and fell head-over-heels]].

The bar boasts a dart board and one of the neighborhood's only respectable pool tables. It also comes with friendly bartenders and a groovy decor (read: Christmas lights all year round). Random movies (sometimes porn) are projected onto a large screen in the back, without sound, and the bar's soundtrack is the definition of a mixed bag.

Drinks are fairly cheap (Used to be $3 for Yuengling and Rolling Rock—now $4) and happy hours run every day from 4pm-7pm when drinks and tap beers are half price. If you're looking for a quieter scene and cigarette-centric conversation, head over later in the evening; the place is open till 4 am. If you try to order a cocktail there, you should leave.

Every Tuesday at 8, random people from the neighborhood and some brave Columbia souls venture to Trivia Night to test their knowledge of pop culture, music, and random facts. Winner of Trivia Night usually gets a $20 tab (or 5 Yuengling's).

===2013 Raid===

On February 18th, [[2013]], the [[Columbia Daily Spectator]] published an article by a sophomore who wrote about being served at 1020. She was a minor<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2013/02/18/why-we-go-1020</ref>. Days later, 1020 was raided by the [[NYPD]]<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2013/02/22/1020-fined-underage-drinking-after-police-sting</ref>, and fined $1,500.

===2021 Allegations of Sexual Harassment===

On November 4th, [[2021]], the [[Columbia Daily Spectator]] published an exposé detailing numerous allegations of sexual harassment against the venue's co-owner, Michael McKiernan. These allegations were made by former bartenders, who were also Columbia-affiliated students <ref>https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2021/11/04/behind-the-bar-the-culture-of-sexual-harassment-racism-and-workplace-toxicity-at-1020/</ref>. The venue closed temporarily for a number of days after the exposé was published; with McKiernan reportedly resigning as manager, but still co-owning the venue. The venue has since reopened.

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==

* [http://www.bwog.net/publicate/index.php?page=post&article_id=3112 Bwog's Review of Morningside Heights Bars (Orientation, 2006)]
* http://www.bwog.net/articles/a_scanner_darkly
* [http://bwog.com/tag/1020 Bwog's tag]

[[Category:Bars]]
[[Category:Morningside Heights]]

1020

2022-09-07T03:36:03Z

72736379:

[[File:1020 2-1.jpg|thumb|1020 on a weekend night]]
[[File:IMG 1809.jpg|thumb|1020's interior, from the back<ref>http://bwog.com/2013/02/22/1020-gets-screwed/</ref>]]
[[File:1012_vacation_sign.jpeg|thumb|Notice posted at 1020 shortly after allegations of sexual harassment was published by [[Spec]].]]

'''1020''' is a well-loved bar on [[Amsterdam Avenue]] at 110th St. It was once the low-key haunt of grad students and hipsters. Today, although it continues to skew a little older, 1020 is now home to a more energetic crowd. There's usually a line outside the door on Thursday through Saturday nights. IDs and scans. Someone also celebrated his 21st birthday there once—with his parents. In [[2012]], [[Robert & Kristine|Robert met Kristine here, and fell head-over-heels]].

The bar boasts a dart board and one of the neighborhood's only respectable pool tables. It also comes with friendly bartenders and a groovy decor (read: Christmas lights all year round). Random movies (sometimes porn) are projected onto a large screen in the back, without sound, and the bar's soundtrack is the definition of a mixed bag.

Drinks are fairly cheap (Used to be $3 for Yuengling and Rolling Rock—now $4) and happy hours run every day from 4pm-7pm when drinks and tap beers are half price. If you're looking for a quieter scene and cigarette-centric conversation, head over later in the evening; the place is open till 4 am. If you try to order a cocktail there, you should leave.

Every Tuesday at 8, random people from the neighborhood and some brave Columbia souls venture to Trivia Night to test their knowledge of pop culture, music, and random facts. Winner of Trivia Night usually gets a $20 tab (or 5 Yuengling's).

===2013 Raid===

On February 18th, [[2013]], the [[Columbia Daily Spectator]] published an article by a sophomore who wrote about being served at 1020. She was a minor<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2013/02/18/why-we-go-1020</ref>. Days later, 1020 was raised by the [[NYPD]]<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2013/02/22/1020-fined-underage-drinking-after-police-sting</ref>.

===2021 Allegations of Sexual Harassment===

On November 4th, [[2021]], the [[Columbia Daily Spectator]] published an exposé detailing numerous allegations of sexual harassment against the venue's co-owner, Michael McKiernan. These allegations were made by former bartenders, who were also Columbia-affiliated students <ref>https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2021/11/04/behind-the-bar-the-culture-of-sexual-harassment-racism-and-workplace-toxicity-at-1020/</ref>. The venue closed temporarily for a number of days after the exposé was published; with McKiernan reportedly resigning as manager, but still co-owning the venue. The venue has since reopened.

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==

* [http://www.bwog.net/publicate/index.php?page=post&article_id=3112 Bwog's Review of Morningside Heights Bars (Orientation, 2006)]
* http://www.bwog.net/articles/a_scanner_darkly
* [http://bwog.com/tag/1020 Bwog's tag]

[[Category:Bars]]
[[Category:Morningside Heights]]

File:1012 vacation sign.jpeg

2022-09-07T03:34:30Z

72736379:

1020

2022-09-07T03:29:01Z

72736379: /* 2021 Allegations of Sexual Harassment */

[[File:1020 2-1.jpg|thumb|1020 on a weekend night]]
[[File:IMG 1809.jpg|thumb|1020's interior, from the back<ref>http://bwog.com/2013/02/22/1020-gets-screwed/</ref>]]

'''1020''' is a well-loved bar on [[Amsterdam Avenue]] at 110th St. It was once the low-key haunt of grad students and hipsters. Today, although it continues to skew a little older, 1020 is now home to a more energetic crowd. There's usually a line outside the door on Thursday through Saturday nights. IDs and scans. Someone also celebrated his 21st birthday there once—with his parents. In [[2012]], [[Robert & Kristine|Robert met Kristine here, and fell head-over-heels]].

The bar boasts a dart board and one of the neighborhood's only respectable pool tables. It also comes with friendly bartenders and a groovy decor (read: Christmas lights all year round). Random movies (sometimes porn) are projected onto a large screen in the back, without sound, and the bar's soundtrack is the definition of a mixed bag.

Drinks are fairly cheap (Used to be $3 for Yuengling and Rolling Rock—now $4) and happy hours run every day from 4pm-7pm when drinks and tap beers are half price. If you're looking for a quieter scene and cigarette-centric conversation, head over later in the evening; the place is open till 4 am. If you try to order a cocktail there, you should leave.

Every Tuesday at 8, random people from the neighborhood and some brave Columbia souls venture to Trivia Night to test their knowledge of pop culture, music, and random facts. Winner of Trivia Night usually gets a $20 tab (or 5 Yuengling's).

===2013 Raid===

On February 18th, [[2013]], the [[Columbia Daily Spectator]] published an article by a sophomore who wrote about being served at 1020. She was a minor<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2013/02/18/why-we-go-1020</ref>. Days later, 1020 was raised by the [[NYPD]]<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2013/02/22/1020-fined-underage-drinking-after-police-sting</ref>.

===2021 Allegations of Sexual Harassment===

On November 4th, [[2021]], the [[Columbia Daily Spectator]] published an exposé detailing numerous allegations of sexual harassment against the venue's co-owner, Michael McKiernan. These allegations were made by former bartenders, who were also Columbia-affiliated students <ref>https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2021/11/04/behind-the-bar-the-culture-of-sexual-harassment-racism-and-workplace-toxicity-at-1020/</ref>. The venue closed temporarily for a number of days after the exposé was published; with McKiernan reportedly resigning as manager, but still co-owning the venue. The venue has since reopened.

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==

* [http://www.bwog.net/publicate/index.php?page=post&article_id=3112 Bwog's Review of Morningside Heights Bars (Orientation, 2006)]
* http://www.bwog.net/articles/a_scanner_darkly
* [http://bwog.com/tag/1020 Bwog's tag]

[[Category:Bars]]
[[Category:Morningside Heights]]

1020

2022-09-07T03:28:25Z

72736379: Detailing 2021 Spec article

[[File:1020 2-1.jpg|thumb|1020 on a weekend night]]
[[File:IMG 1809.jpg|thumb|1020's interior, from the back<ref>http://bwog.com/2013/02/22/1020-gets-screwed/</ref>]]

'''1020''' is a well-loved bar on [[Amsterdam Avenue]] at 110th St. It was once the low-key haunt of grad students and hipsters. Today, although it continues to skew a little older, 1020 is now home to a more energetic crowd. There's usually a line outside the door on Thursday through Saturday nights. IDs and scans. Someone also celebrated his 21st birthday there once—with his parents. In [[2012]], [[Robert & Kristine|Robert met Kristine here, and fell head-over-heels]].

The bar boasts a dart board and one of the neighborhood's only respectable pool tables. It also comes with friendly bartenders and a groovy decor (read: Christmas lights all year round). Random movies (sometimes porn) are projected onto a large screen in the back, without sound, and the bar's soundtrack is the definition of a mixed bag.

Drinks are fairly cheap (Used to be $3 for Yuengling and Rolling Rock—now $4) and happy hours run every day from 4pm-7pm when drinks and tap beers are half price. If you're looking for a quieter scene and cigarette-centric conversation, head over later in the evening; the place is open till 4 am. If you try to order a cocktail there, you should leave.

Every Tuesday at 8, random people from the neighborhood and some brave Columbia souls venture to Trivia Night to test their knowledge of pop culture, music, and random facts. Winner of Trivia Night usually gets a $20 tab (or 5 Yuengling's).

===2013 Raid===

On February 18th, [[2013]], the [[Columbia Daily Spectator]] published an article by a sophomore who wrote about being served at 1020. She was a minor<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2013/02/18/why-we-go-1020</ref>. Days later, 1020 was raised by the [[NYPD]]<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2013/02/22/1020-fined-underage-drinking-after-police-sting</ref>.

===2021 Allegations of Sexual Harassment===

On November 4th, [[2021]], the [[Columbia Daily Spectator]] published an exposé detailing numerous allegations of sexual harassment against the venue's co-owner, Michael McKiernan. These allegations were made by former bartenders, who were also Columbia-affiliated students <ref>https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2021/11/04/behind-the-bar-the-culture-of-sexual-harassment-racism-and-workplace-toxicity-at-1020/</ref>. The venue closed for a number of days after the exposé was published; with McKiernan reportedly resigning as manager, but still co-owning the venue.

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==

* [http://www.bwog.net/publicate/index.php?page=post&article_id=3112 Bwog's Review of Morningside Heights Bars (Orientation, 2006)]
* http://www.bwog.net/articles/a_scanner_darkly
* [http://bwog.com/tag/1020 Bwog's tag]

[[Category:Bars]]
[[Category:Morningside Heights]]

User:72736379

2022-09-07T03:17:32Z

72736379:

c/o '22, computer science

Barnard College

2021-05-17T19:28:33Z

72736379:

{{wp-also}}

{{Infobox school
|Name=Barnard College
|Image=Barnard_Seal.gif
|Established=[[1889]]
|President=[[Sian Beilock]]
|Dean=[[Leslie Grinage]]
|Degrees=[[Bachelor of Arts]]
|Enrollment= 2,682 students (2019)
|Website=[http://www.barnard.edu/ www.barnard.edu]
}}

'''Barnard College''' is a liberal arts college for women located at 117th Street and [[Broadway (avenue)|Broadway]] next to Columbia's [[Morningside Heights campus]]. It is part of the prestigious [[Seven Sisters]] Colleges (the other members being Radcliffe, Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr, Vassar, and Mount Holyoke). It was founded in [[1889]] for female undergraduate students at a time when [[Columbia College]] was an all-male college.

Barnard is an independent institution affiliated with the University via an [[Columbia-Barnard Intercorporate Agreement|intercorporate agreement]] negotiated between the two institutions. Barnard has an intricate, historical, often complex, and sometimes confusing [[Columbia-Barnard Relationship|relationship]] with Columbia.

The current President is [[Sian Beilock]].

==History==

[[File:Barnard ivy day.jpg|thumb|Barnard Class of [[1913]] students celebrate [[Ivy Day]] outside [[Brooks Hall]]]]

Barnard's pre-history dates back to [[1876]], the first time the Trustees of Columbia were petitioned to admit women. In [[1879]], Columbia president [[Frederick A. P. Barnard]] included in his [[Annual Reports of the President to the Trustees|Annual Report to the Trustees]] an argument in favor of admitting women, suggesting that if [[Columbia College]] were going to be of any use in his vision for a University, then they could at least admit women. He continued to include his arguments in his annual reports, and in [[1882]] printed his greatest hits from the previous three years in a volume titled "The Higher Education of Women." In [[1883]] the [[University Trustees|trustees]] finally responded in part by establishing the [[Plan for the Education of Women in Connection to Columbia College]], which allowed any woman over the age of 17 who passed an entrance exam to sit for all of the exams Columbia College students took, and on successful passage and payment of $5, granted her a certificate bearing their seal. Beginning in [[1886]], the trustees would begin offering an actual Columbia [[BA]] [[degree]] to course completers.

In the spring of [[1889]], responding to a request by [[Annie Nathan Meyer]] and others to establish a formal annex for women's education at Columbia, the Trustees agreed to provide a space and Columbia faculty members to teach women.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=UGlMAAAAYAAJ&vq=barnard&pg=RA1-PA50#v=snippet&q=barnard&f=false Barnard College], Columbia Spectator, 25 April 1889.</ref> And thus, on October 7, 1889, Barnard College was born.

On October 23, [[1890]], the ''[[Spec]]'' announced its intention to cover affairs at Barnard College with this wonderfully condescending (and sexist!) editorial:

{{quotation
|1=''"With this issue Barnard College makes her bow--we beg the young ladies' pardon, her courtesy [curtsy]--to our readers. It is, for the present at least, our intention to make the news of our sister school a regular--and of course a pretty--department of our paper.

''In if the course of time, however, we find that our sister students, prepossessing and spirituelle though they be, are not interesting and alert, we shall indeed feel obliged to sacrifice their publicity to more pressing news!''

''We shall, therefore, anxiously await from our correspondent the account of something 'real naughty and shocking' to keep alive interest. We should not like to suggest a love affair with a tutor; but if such an event came to pass spontaneously in the course of time, nothing could be further from our profession of impartiality than to restrain the news of it."''
''
|2=The Columbia Spectator.
}}

Beginning in [[1891]], Barnard began operating as an affiliate of Columbia, with further refinement of the arrangement in [[1893]]. The arrangement was finally formalized in [[1900]] with the first [[Columbia-Barnard Intercorporate Agreement]]. As part of the agreement, the President of Columbia University also served as President of Barnard College, while Barnard's chief officer held the title of "Dean." In [[1952]], Dean [[Millicent McIntosh]] chose to adopt the title of "President" as part of Barnard's growing assertion of its independent status.

Barnard spent a great deal of the [[1970s]] and early [[1980s]] in negotiations with Columbia over a potential merger and undergraduate co-education. Ultimately, Barnard chose to remain independent, and in [[1982]], Columbia College went co-ed on its own.

Barnard has managed to survive, and thrive, thank you very much, while co-existing with the co-ed college across the street ever since.

== Relationship with Columbia ==

:''Main article: [[Columbia-Barnard Relationship]]''

Barnard is institutionally and financially independent, while academically and socially linked to Columbia. Institutionally, Barnard has its own board of trustees which oversees the college's operation, its own endowment, its own faculty, its own campus (Columbia does not share ownership of any of Barnard's campus buildings), and its own administration. Barnard pays Columbia for access to utilities, the University's libraries, and other facilities such as [[Lerner Hall]]. Columbia University plays no role in admitting Barnard students. Academically, the two schools offer near-complete course cross-registrations to students of the other institution, and Barnard graduates receive their [[degrees]] from the Trustees of Columbia University, a tradition dating back to the Collegiate Course for Women, before Barnard's foundation. With some exceptions, students at both institutions participate in an integrated social scene, including access to the same extra-curricular activities.

==Campus==

:''Main article: [[Barnard campus]]''

Barnard's four acre campus lies across Broadway from Columbia's main [[Morningside Heights campus]], spread on the half-block between Broadway, [[Claremont Avenue]], [[116th Street]] and [[120th Street]].

The heart of Barnard's campus is [[Barnard Hall]], aligned with the Barnard gates and the main east-west axis of the Columbia campus. It was built in the style of Columbia's academic buildings across the street and houses the college's athletic facilities, including [[LeFrak Gymnasium]] and the Barnard pool, as well as classrooms and lecture halls. [[Milbank Hall]] is the oldest building on campus; it was the original building when Barnard moved to Morningside Heights with Columbia in 1897. In between are a number of academic buildings, including [[Altschul Hall]], [[Lehman Hall]] (home of the [[Barnard Library]]), and the new [[Diana]] student center, completed in February 2010.

Over 1000 Barnard students live in the [[The Quad]] dorms immediately south of Barnard Hall. The rest live in Barnard dorms within the Morningside Heights neighborhood (though some, like [[Cathedral Gardens]], are very far-flung). [[Hewitt Dining Hall|Hewitt]], the main dining facility for Barnard students, is located mostly below street level underneath these dorms.

The Barnard campus is connected by open-access tunnels, which make traversing campus easy in inclement weather, which is more than can be said for Columbia's [[tunnels]], which require virtual spelunking skills to access in some cases.

==Academics==

Barnard students, unlike their Columbia College counterparts, do not have a Core Curriculum, but rather engage in an elaborate distribution requirement known as the [[Nine Ways of Knowing]], which includes a tailor-made First Year Seminar and a number of electives within a given number of categories.

==Notable Alumnae==

There are many notable [[Barnard alumnae]] including Anna Quindlen, '74, Martha Stewart, '62, and Jhumpa Lahiri, '89.

==Trivia==

Recent Commencement speakers have included President Barack Obama, CC '83, in 2012, Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook, in 2011, Meryl Streep in 2010, and Hillary Clinton in 2009.

When it was announced in March 2012 that President Obama would be speaking at the 2012 Barnard Commencement, the Internet (i.e. BWOG and Spec comment sections) had a hissy fit, inciting what is now popularly known as "[[Obamanard]]," with students from both sides of the street engaging in intense and anonymous conversation online.

== Dining locations ==
* [[Hewitt Dining Hall]]
* [[The Diana Center]]

== Housing ==

===The Quad===
* [[Sulzberger Tower]]
* [[Reid]]
* [[Brooks]]
* [[Hewitt Hall]]
* [[Sulzberger]]

===116th St.===
* [[600 W 116th]]
* [[616 W 116th]]
* [[620 W 116th]]

===Other===
* [[601 W 110th]]
* [[Elliott]]
* [[Plimpton]]
* [[Cathedral Gardens]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.barnard.edu/ Barnard College website]

== References ==
<references />

{{Schools}}

[[Category:Barnard College]]
[[Category:Affiliates]]

Barnard College

2021-05-17T18:37:34Z

72736379: Updated to reflect current dean, removed 'map' section since it seems broken

{{wp-also}}

{{Infobox school
|Name=Barnard College
|Image=Barnard_Seal.gif
|Established=[[1889]]
|President=[[Sian Beilock]]
|Dean=[[Leslie Grinage]]
|Degrees=[[BA]]
|Enrollment= 2,682 students (2019)
|Website=[http://www.barnard.edu/ www.barnard.edu]
}}

'''Barnard College''' is a liberal arts college for women located at 117th Street and [[Broadway (avenue)|Broadway]] next to Columbia's [[Morningside Heights campus]]. It is part of the prestigious [[Seven Sisters]] Colleges (the other members being Radcliffe, Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr, Vassar, and Mount Holyoke). It was founded in [[1889]] for female undergraduate students at a time when [[Columbia College]] was an all-male college.

Barnard is an independent institution affiliated with the University via an [[Columbia-Barnard Intercorporate Agreement|intercorporate agreement]] negotiated between the two institutions. Barnard has an intricate, historical, often complex, and sometimes confusing [[Columbia-Barnard Relationship|relationship]] with Columbia.

The current President is [[Sian Beilock]].

==History==

[[File:Barnard ivy day.jpg|thumb|Barnard Class of [[1913]] students celebrate [[Ivy Day]] outside [[Brooks Hall]]]]

Barnard's pre-history dates back to [[1876]], the first time the Trustees of Columbia were petitioned to admit women. In [[1879]], Columbia president [[Frederick A. P. Barnard]] included in his [[Annual Reports of the President to the Trustees|Annual Report to the Trustees]] an argument in favor of admitting women, suggesting that if [[Columbia College]] were going to be of any use in his vision for a University, then they could at least admit women. He continued to include his arguments in his annual reports, and in [[1882]] printed his greatest hits from the previous three years in a volume titled "The Higher Education of Women." In [[1883]] the [[University Trustees|trustees]] finally responded in part by establishing the [[Plan for the Education of Women in Connection to Columbia College]], which allowed any woman over the age of 17 who passed an entrance exam to sit for all of the exams Columbia College students took, and on successful passage and payment of $5, granted her a certificate bearing their seal. Beginning in [[1886]], the trustees would begin offering an actual Columbia [[BA]] [[degree]] to course completers.

In the spring of [[1889]], responding to a request by [[Annie Nathan Meyer]] and others to establish a formal annex for women's education at Columbia, the Trustees agreed to provide a space and Columbia faculty members to teach women.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=UGlMAAAAYAAJ&vq=barnard&pg=RA1-PA50#v=snippet&q=barnard&f=false Barnard College], Columbia Spectator, 25 April 1889.</ref> And thus, on October 7, 1889, Barnard College was born.

On October 23, [[1890]], the ''[[Spec]]'' announced its intention to cover affairs at Barnard College with this wonderfully condescending (and sexist!) editorial:

{{quotation
|1=''"With this issue Barnard College makes her bow--we beg the young ladies' pardon, her courtesy [curtsy]--to our readers. It is, for the present at least, our intention to make the news of our sister school a regular--and of course a pretty--department of our paper.

''In if the course of time, however, we find that our sister students, prepossessing and spirituelle though they be, are not interesting and alert, we shall indeed feel obliged to sacrifice their publicity to more pressing news!''

''We shall, therefore, anxiously await from our correspondent the account of something 'real naughty and shocking' to keep alive interest. We should not like to suggest a love affair with a tutor; but if such an event came to pass spontaneously in the course of time, nothing could be further from our profession of impartiality than to restrain the news of it."''
''
|2=The Columbia Spectator.
}}

Beginning in [[1891]], Barnard began operating as an affiliate of Columbia, with further refinement of the arrangement in [[1893]]. The arrangement was finally formalized in [[1900]] with the first [[Columbia-Barnard Intercorporate Agreement]]. As part of the agreement, the President of Columbia University also served as President of Barnard College, while Barnard's chief officer held the title of "Dean." In [[1952]], Dean [[Millicent McIntosh]] chose to adopt the title of "President" as part of Barnard's growing assertion of its independent status.

Barnard spent a great deal of the [[1970s]] and early [[1980s]] in negotiations with Columbia over a potential merger and undergraduate co-education. Ultimately, Barnard chose to remain independent, and in [[1982]], Columbia College went co-ed on its own.

Barnard has managed to survive, and thrive, thank you very much, while co-existing with the co-ed college across the street ever since.

== Relationship with Columbia ==

:''Main article: [[Columbia-Barnard Relationship]]''

Barnard is institutionally and financially independent, while academically and socially linked to Columbia. Institutionally, Barnard has its own board of trustees which oversees the college's operation, its own endowment, its own faculty, its own campus (Columbia does not share ownership of any of Barnard's campus buildings), and its own administration. Barnard pays Columbia for access to utilities, the University's libraries, and other facilities such as [[Lerner Hall]]. Columbia University plays no role in admitting Barnard students. Academically, the two schools offer near-complete course cross-registrations to students of the other institution, and Barnard graduates receive their [[degrees]] from the Trustees of Columbia University, a tradition dating back to the Collegiate Course for Women, before Barnard's foundation. With some exceptions, students at both institutions participate in an integrated social scene, including access to the same extra-curricular activities.

==Campus==

:''Main article: [[Barnard campus]]''

Barnard's four acre campus lies across Broadway from Columbia's main [[Morningside Heights campus]], spread on the half-block between Broadway, [[Claremont Avenue]], [[116th Street]] and [[120th Street]].

The heart of Barnard's campus is [[Barnard Hall]], aligned with the Barnard gates and the main east-west axis of the Columbia campus. It was built in the style of Columbia's academic buildings across the street and houses the college's athletic facilities, including [[LeFrak Gymnasium]] and the Barnard pool, as well as classrooms and lecture halls. [[Milbank Hall]] is the oldest building on campus; it was the original building when Barnard moved to Morningside Heights with Columbia in 1897. In between are a number of academic buildings, including [[Altschul Hall]], [[Lehman Hall]] (home of the [[Barnard Library]]), and the new [[Diana]] student center, completed in February 2010.

Over 1000 Barnard students live in the [[The Quad]] dorms immediately south of Barnard Hall. The rest live in Barnard dorms within the Morningside Heights neighborhood (though some, like [[Cathedral Gardens]], are very far-flung). [[Hewitt Dining Hall|Hewitt]], the main dining facility for Barnard students, is located mostly below street level underneath these dorms.

The Barnard campus is connected by open-access tunnels, which make traversing campus easy in inclement weather, which is more than can be said for Columbia's [[tunnels]], which require virtual spelunking skills to access in some cases.

==Academics==

Barnard students, unlike their Columbia College counterparts, do not have a Core Curriculum, but rather engage in an elaborate distribution requirement known as the [[Nine Ways of Knowing]], which includes a tailor-made First Year Seminar and a number of electives within a given number of categories.

==Notable Alumnae==

There are many notable [[Barnard alumnae]] including Anna Quindlen, '74, Martha Stewart, '62, and Jhumpa Lahiri, '89.

==Trivia==

Recent Commencement speakers have included President Barack Obama, CC '83, in 2012, Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook, in 2011, Meryl Streep in 2010, and Hillary Clinton in 2009.

When it was announced in March 2012 that President Obama would be speaking at the 2012 Barnard Commencement, the Internet (i.e. BWOG and Spec comment sections) had a hissy fit, inciting what is now popularly known as "[[Obamanard]]," with students from both sides of the street engaging in intense and anonymous conversation online.

== Dining locations ==
* [[Hewitt Dining Hall]]
* [[The Diana Center]]

== Housing ==

===The Quad===
* [[Sulzberger Tower]]
* [[Reid]]
* [[Brooks]]
* [[Hewitt Hall]]
* [[Sulzberger]]

===116th St.===
* [[600 W 116th]]
* [[616 W 116th]]
* [[620 W 116th]]

===Other===
* [[601 W 110th]]
* [[Elliott]]
* [[Plimpton]]
* [[Cathedral Gardens]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.barnard.edu/ Barnard College website]

== References ==
<references />

{{Schools}}

[[Category:Barnard College]]
[[Category:Affiliates]]

Barnard College

2021-05-17T18:35:53Z

72736379:

{{wp-also}}

{{Infobox school
|Name=Barnard College
|Image=Barnard_Seal.gif
|Established=[[1889]]
|President=[[Sian Beilock]]
|Dean=[[Avis Hinkson|Avis Hinkson]] '84
|Degrees=[[BA]]
|Enrollment= 2,682 students (2019)
|Website=[http://www.barnard.edu/ www.barnard.edu]
}}

'''Barnard College''' is a liberal arts college for women located at 117th Street and [[Broadway (avenue)|Broadway]] next to Columbia's [[Morningside Heights campus]]. It is part of the prestigious [[Seven Sisters]] Colleges (the other members being Radcliffe, Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr, Vassar, and Mount Holyoke). It was founded in [[1889]] for female undergraduate students at a time when [[Columbia College]] was an all-male college.

Barnard is an independent institution affiliated with the University via an [[Columbia-Barnard Intercorporate Agreement|intercorporate agreement]] negotiated between the two institutions. Barnard has an intricate, historical, often complex, and sometimes confusing [[Columbia-Barnard Relationship|relationship]] with Columbia.

The current President is [[Sian Beilock]].

==History==

[[File:Barnard ivy day.jpg|thumb|Barnard Class of [[1913]] students celebrate [[Ivy Day]] outside [[Brooks Hall]]]]

Barnard's pre-history dates back to [[1876]], the first time the Trustees of Columbia were petitioned to admit women. In [[1879]], Columbia president [[Frederick A. P. Barnard]] included in his [[Annual Reports of the President to the Trustees|Annual Report to the Trustees]] an argument in favor of admitting women, suggesting that if [[Columbia College]] were going to be of any use in his vision for a University, then they could at least admit women. He continued to include his arguments in his annual reports, and in [[1882]] printed his greatest hits from the previous three years in a volume titled "The Higher Education of Women." In [[1883]] the [[University Trustees|trustees]] finally responded in part by establishing the [[Plan for the Education of Women in Connection to Columbia College]], which allowed any woman over the age of 17 who passed an entrance exam to sit for all of the exams Columbia College students took, and on successful passage and payment of $5, granted her a certificate bearing their seal. Beginning in [[1886]], the trustees would begin offering an actual Columbia [[BA]] [[degree]] to course completers.

In the spring of [[1889]], responding to a request by [[Annie Nathan Meyer]] and others to establish a formal annex for women's education at Columbia, the Trustees agreed to provide a space and Columbia faculty members to teach women.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=UGlMAAAAYAAJ&vq=barnard&pg=RA1-PA50#v=snippet&q=barnard&f=false Barnard College], Columbia Spectator, 25 April 1889.</ref> And thus, on October 7, 1889, Barnard College was born.

On October 23, [[1890]], the ''[[Spec]]'' announced its intention to cover affairs at Barnard College with this wonderfully condescending (and sexist!) editorial:

{{quotation
|1=''"With this issue Barnard College makes her bow--we beg the young ladies' pardon, her courtesy [curtsy]--to our readers. It is, for the present at least, our intention to make the news of our sister school a regular--and of course a pretty--department of our paper.

''In if the course of time, however, we find that our sister students, prepossessing and spirituelle though they be, are not interesting and alert, we shall indeed feel obliged to sacrifice their publicity to more pressing news!''

''We shall, therefore, anxiously await from our correspondent the account of something 'real naughty and shocking' to keep alive interest. We should not like to suggest a love affair with a tutor; but if such an event came to pass spontaneously in the course of time, nothing could be further from our profession of impartiality than to restrain the news of it."''
''
|2=The Columbia Spectator.
}}

Beginning in [[1891]], Barnard began operating as an affiliate of Columbia, with further refinement of the arrangement in [[1893]]. The arrangement was finally formalized in [[1900]] with the first [[Columbia-Barnard Intercorporate Agreement]]. As part of the agreement, the President of Columbia University also served as President of Barnard College, while Barnard's chief officer held the title of "Dean." In [[1952]], Dean [[Millicent McIntosh]] chose to adopt the title of "President" as part of Barnard's growing assertion of its independent status.

Barnard spent a great deal of the [[1970s]] and early [[1980s]] in negotiations with Columbia over a potential merger and undergraduate co-education. Ultimately, Barnard chose to remain independent, and in [[1982]], Columbia College went co-ed on its own.

Barnard has managed to survive, and thrive, thank you very much, while co-existing with the co-ed college across the street ever since.

== Relationship with Columbia ==

:''Main article: [[Columbia-Barnard Relationship]]''

Barnard is institutionally and financially independent, while academically and socially linked to Columbia. Institutionally, Barnard has its own board of trustees which oversees the college's operation, its own endowment, its own faculty, its own campus (Columbia does not share ownership of any of Barnard's campus buildings), and its own administration. Barnard pays Columbia for access to utilities, the University's libraries, and other facilities such as [[Lerner Hall]]. Columbia University plays no role in admitting Barnard students. Academically, the two schools offer near-complete course cross-registrations to students of the other institution, and Barnard graduates receive their [[degrees]] from the Trustees of Columbia University, a tradition dating back to the Collegiate Course for Women, before Barnard's foundation. With some exceptions, students at both institutions participate in an integrated social scene, including access to the same extra-curricular activities.

==Campus==

:''Main article: [[Barnard campus]]''

Barnard's four acre campus lies across Broadway from Columbia's main [[Morningside Heights campus]], spread on the half-block between Broadway, [[Claremont Avenue]], [[116th Street]] and [[120th Street]].

The heart of Barnard's campus is [[Barnard Hall]], aligned with the Barnard gates and the main east-west axis of the Columbia campus. It was built in the style of Columbia's academic buildings across the street and houses the college's athletic facilities, including [[LeFrak Gymnasium]] and the Barnard pool, as well as classrooms and lecture halls. [[Milbank Hall]] is the oldest building on campus; it was the original building when Barnard moved to Morningside Heights with Columbia in 1897. In between are a number of academic buildings, including [[Altschul Hall]], [[Lehman Hall]] (home of the [[Barnard Library]]), and the new [[Diana]] student center, completed in February 2010.

Over 1000 Barnard students live in the [[The Quad]] dorms immediately south of Barnard Hall. The rest live in Barnard dorms within the Morningside Heights neighborhood (though some, like [[Cathedral Gardens]], are very far-flung). [[Hewitt Dining Hall|Hewitt]], the main dining facility for Barnard students, is located mostly below street level underneath these dorms.

The Barnard campus is connected by open-access tunnels, which make traversing campus easy in inclement weather, which is more than can be said for Columbia's [[tunnels]], which require virtual spelunking skills to access in some cases.

==Academics==

Barnard students, unlike their Columbia College counterparts, do not have a Core Curriculum, but rather engage in an elaborate distribution requirement known as the [[Nine Ways of Knowing]], which includes a tailor-made First Year Seminar and a number of electives within a given number of categories.

==Notable Alumnae==

There are many notable [[Barnard alumnae]] including Anna Quindlen, '74, Martha Stewart, '62, and Jhumpa Lahiri, '89.

==Trivia==

Recent Commencement speakers have included President Barack Obama, CC '83, in 2012, Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook, in 2011, Meryl Streep in 2010, and Hillary Clinton in 2009.

When it was announced in March 2012 that President Obama would be speaking at the 2012 Barnard Commencement, the Internet (i.e. BWOG and Spec comment sections) had a hissy fit, inciting what is now popularly known as "[[Obamanard]]," with students from both sides of the street engaging in intense and anonymous conversation online.

== Dining locations ==
* [[Hewitt Dining Hall]]
* [[The Diana Center]]

== Housing ==

===The Quad===
* [[Sulzberger Tower]]
* [[Reid]]
* [[Brooks]]
* [[Hewitt Hall]]
* [[Sulzberger]]

===116th St.===
* [[600 W 116th]]
* [[616 W 116th]]
* [[620 W 116th]]

===Other===
* [[601 W 110th]]
* [[Elliott]]
* [[Plimpton]]
* [[Cathedral Gardens]]

== Map ==
<googlemap lat="40.809717" lon="-73.963373" type="map" zoom="16" width="500" height="300" controls="small">
#758bc5
40.808442, -73.964767
40.808149, -73.964038
40.810545, -73.962289
40.810862, -73.963019
40.808442, -73.964767
</googlemap>

== External links ==
* [http://www.barnard.edu/ Barnard College website]

== References ==
<references />

{{Schools}}

[[Category:Barnard College]]
[[Category:Affiliates]]

School of General Studies

2021-05-17T18:31:56Z

72736379: Updated to reflect current dean, ref fix, enrollment number update

{{Infobox school
|Name=Columbia University School of General Studies
|Image=GS-Shield.gif
|Established=[[1947]]
|President=
|Dean=[[Lisa Rosen-Metsch]]
|Degrees=[[Bachelor of Arts]]
|Enrollment=2,600 students (2019)
|Website=[http://www.gs.columbia.edu/ www.gs.columbia.edu]
}}

The '''School of General Studies''' is a highly selective liberal arts college and one of three official undergraduate colleges at [[Columbia University]], situated on the university's main campus in [[Morningside Heights]], [[New York]].<ref>http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/columbia-university-2707</ref> GS is known primarily for its traditional B.A. degree program for non-traditional students (those who have had an academic break of one year or more, or are pursuing dual-degrees).<ref name="http://gs.columbia.edu">http://gs.columbia.edu</ref>

GS students make up almost 30% of the Columbia undergraduate population and have been known to consistently earn the highest average GPAs among undergraduates at Columbia University.<ref>http://www.columbia.edu/cu/opir/abstract/opir_enrollment_history_1.htm</ref><ref>https://s3.amazonaws.com/BWARCHIVE/2013/may13.pdf</ref> Despite the relatively small size of the college, a disproportionately large number of GS alumni have gone on to win prestigious fellowships, including the [[Rhodes Scholarship]], the Gates Cambridge Scholarship, and the [[Fulbright Scholarship]].<ref>http://columbiaspectator.com/news/2015/12/02/columbia-student-wins-rhodes-scholarship-first-time-five-years</ref><ref>http://columbiaspectator.com/news/2016/12/01/gs-alumna-wins-rhodes-scholarship</ref><ref>http://columbiaspectator.com/news/2015/03/02/gs-cc-alumnae-awarded-gates-cambridge-scholarship</ref><ref>https://gs.columbia.edu/sciences-po/dual-ba-students-receive-prestigious-grants-pursue-foreign-language-and-global-studies</ref>

GS offers dual degree programs with Sciences Po in France, the City University of Hong Kong, and List College of the [[Jewish Theological Seminary]].<ref name="http://gs.columbia.edu"/> GS is the historical home to dual-degree programs at Columbia University—the school is the first undergraduate college at Columbia University to offer joint programs with other universities.<ref name="ReferenceB">https://gs.columbia.edu/sciences-po/glance</ref> GS is also home to the Postbaccalaureate Premedical Program.

Notable alumni include [[Nobel Prize]] winners Simon Kuznets and Baruj Benacerraf, as well as [[Isaac Asimov]], J.D. Salinger, [[Amelia Earhart]], and Princess Firyal of Jordan.

==Academics==
A Columbia undergraduate class could include students from any of the following schools: the School of General Studies, Columbia College, the School of Engineering and Applied Science, or Barnard College. GS is unique among colleges of its type, because its students are fully integrated into Columbia's traditional undergraduate curriculum: GS Students take the same classes with the same students and professors and are granted the same degrees as students at Columbia College or SEAS.

The School of General Studies confers the degree of [[Bachelor of Arts]] in more than 80 majors<ref>https://bulletin.columbia.edu/general-studies/majors-concentrations/</ref>. All GS students are required to complete the [[Core Curriculum]], which includes classes in Writing, Literature/Humanities, Contemporary Civilization/Social Science, Art Humanities, Music Humanities, Global Core, Quantitative Reasoning, Science, and Foreign Language.<ref>https://bulletin.columbia.edu/general-studies/the-core/</ref>

In addition to its bachelor's degree program, the School of General Studies offers combined undergraduate/graduate degree programs with Columbia's schools of [[Columbia Law School|Law]], [[Columbia Business School|Business]], [[College of Dental Medicine|Dental Medicine]], [[School of Social Work|Social Work]], [[SIPA|International and Public Affairs]], [[Teachers College]], and the [[College of Physicians and Surgeons]], as well as undergraduate dual-degree programs with [[SEAS]], the [[Jewish Theological Seminary]], and a dual-BA program with [[w:Sciences Po|Sciences Po]]. In 2012, GS launched a pilot dual degree program with City University of Hong Kong. <ref> http://gs.columbia.edu/owl-article?ntitle=7141&mgid=7138 </ref>

==Admission==
Admission to Columbia GS is highly selective and "extremely competitive."<ref name="gs.columbia.edu">[https://gs.columbia.edu/our-process]</ref> Admission standards are among the highest in the nation: the SAT score range (25th-75th percentiles) for admitted students is 1330–1530 out of 1600 on the new SAT (680-770 on the Evidence-Based Reading and Writing Section and 650-760 on the Mathematics Section). The average GPA of admitted students is 3.9/4.0.<ref>https://bigfuture.collegeboard.org/college-university-search/columbia-university-school-of-general-studies</ref>

Admission requires a formal application as well as submission of official SAT or ACT test scores, academic transcripts, essays, and recommendations; if the test scores are older than eight years, applicants may instead take the General Studies Admissions Examination.<ref name="http://gs.columbia.edu/applying-gs">http://gs.columbia.edu/applying-gs</ref> Interviews are conducted in person and on the phone.

==Eligibility==
Eligibility for admission requires that applicants have taken a minimum of one year or more off from academic studies, or have extenuating circumstances which preclude them from attending Columbia College full-time. Prospective Columbia undergraduates who have had a break of a year or more in their education, have already completed an undergraduate degree, or are pursuing dual undergraduate degrees are considered non-traditional and are automatically ineligible for admission to Columbia College.<ref name="http://undergrad.admissions.columbia.edu/">http://undergrad.admissions.columbia.edu/ask/faq?body_value=general+studies&field_question_topics_tid=All</ref><ref name="http://columbiaspectator.com/">http://columbiaspectator.com/2012/03/07/gsjts-students-feel-caught-between-two-worlds</ref> GS students have the option to attend part- or full-time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gs.columbia.edu/program-overview |title=Program Overview | General Studies |publisher=Gs.columbia.edu |date= |accessdate=2014-01-05}}</ref>

==Sciences Po Columbia University Dual BA Program==
The Dual BA Program is a unique and highly selective program in which undergraduate students earn two Bachelor of Arts degrees from both Columbia University and Sciences Po (one of the most prestigious and selective universities in France<ref>http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/coming-to-france/studying-in-france/presentation-1988/articles-from-actualites-en-france/article/elite-paris-institut-d-etudes</ref>) in four years. The applicant pool consists almost entirely of high school students.<ref name="gs.columbia.edu faq">https://gs.columbia.edu/sciences-po/faq</ref>

Students spend two years at one of three Sciences Po campuses in France (Le Havre, Menton, or Reims), each of which is devoted to a particular region of the world. At Sciences Po, undergraduates can pursue majors in political science, economics, law, finance, history, among others.

After two years at Sciences Po, students matriculate at Columbia University, where they complete the Core Curriculum and one of over 80 majors offered at Columbia. Graduates of the program are guaranteed admission to a Sciences Po graduate program.<ref name="gs.columbia.edu faq"/>

==Placement==
More than 70 percent of GS students go on to earn advanced degrees after graduation. Columbia GS students have been admitted to top graduate programs all over the country including law schools at Yale, Harvard, Stanford, Columbia, the University of Chicago, NYU, the University of Pennsylvania, UC Berkeley (Boalt Hall), Duke, Cornell, and Notre Dame. They have also been admitted to medicals schools at Harvard, the University of Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins, Duke, Stanford, UC San Francisco, Yale, Columbia, the University of Chicago, Cornell, and many others. In recent years, GS graduates have been recruited by investment banks such as Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Credit Suisse, UBS, Bank of America Merrill Lynch, and Citigroup.

==The Core Curriculum==
GS has been progressively bringing its Core closer into alignment with CC, most recently during the summer of 2012 when it replaced the Cultural Diversity requirement (1 class that may overlap with another core class, commonly Asian Music or Art) with CC's 2 class [[Global Core]] requirement. It is possible to [http://bulletin.columbia.edu/general-studies/undergraduates/degree-fulfillment/core/registration-petitions/ petition] core requirements in certain cases.
The following table lists the core requirements for GS and CC for students matriculating Fall 2012 or later:

{|- border="1" cellpadding="2"
|-
|
!width="45%"|GS<ref>[http://www.gs.columbia.edu/bulletin_courses/Bulletin98/bach_core.html School of General Studes Core Requirements]</ref>
!width="45%"|CC<ref>[http://www.college.columbia.edu/core/ Columbia College Core Curriculum]</ref>
|-
!Writing<ref>[[University Writing]] is required of both GS and CC students, but the sections are divided by school.</ref>

|[[University Writing]]
|[[University Writing]]
|-
!Literature/Humanities
|[[Literature Humanities]] (or 1 semester of literature at Columbia and 1 semester of humanities or literature)
|[[Literature Humanities]]
|-
!Foreign Language
|4th Semester of a Language OR exemption by university exam
|4th Semester of a Language OR exemption by university exam
|-
!Art
|[[Art Humanities]]/Asian Humanities (Art) (or exemption by similar course taken at another institution)
|[[Art Humanities]]
|-
!Music
|[[Music Humanities]]/Asian Humanities (Music) (or exemption by similar course taken at another institution)
|[[Music Humanities]]
|-
!Contemporary Civilization/Social Science
|[[Contemporary Civilization]] (or either 2 social science or 1 social science + 1 humanities)
|[[Contemporary Civilization]]
|-
!Quantitative Reasoning
|[[Frontiers of Science]]; most classes satisfy both the Quantitative requirement and count as a Science requirement
|Covered under Science requirement
|-
!Science
|[[Frontiers of Science]] or 3 approved science courses
|[[Frontiers of Science]] and 2 additional science courses
|-
!Global Core
|2 courses from the Global Core List
|2 courses from the Global Core List
|-
!Physical Education
|None
|[[Swim test]], 2 courses
|}

=== Major Requirements ===

Major requirements are determined departmentally, and are the same for CC and GS students.

== Financial Aid ==

GS offers scholarships for both newly accepted and continuing students. These scholarships are merit- rather than need-based like that of Columbia College and SEAS.

A common complaint made by GS students is that the financial aid amounts and options offered by GS are smaller than those offered to CC/SEAS students. In the absence of need-based institutional aid, many GS students rely on a combination of loans, external grants, and personal funds. In 2006 the University announced financial aid reforms for CC and SEAS students whose parents earn less than $50,000 annually.

GS does not offer parity with the packages offered to CC/SEAS students. This is because the scholarship system at GS is independent of the financial aid system for CC/SEAS and funding is sourced from a separate GS-only pool. GS has made some recent efforts to address the issue, both through campaigns to increase the endowment and by increasing its scholarship offerings by 10 percent (in 2006). Starting summer 2012 GS is offering merit institutional aid for summer study, in addition to fall and spring semesters.

== Housing ==
General Studies students are not eligible for the CC/SEAS [[Room Selection]] process. However, many GS students receive housing through [[University Apartment Housing]].

==History==

===Defunct Predecessors===
GS's evolutionary ancestor is [[Seth Low]] Junior College, which was established in Downtown Brooklyn to help alleviate the flood of Jewish applicants to [[Columbia College]]. The entrance requirements for Seth Low Junior College were reportedly the same as those enforced in Columbia College.<ref name="spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu">[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19280403-01.2.7]</ref> Following completion of the two-year program, graduates could complete their undergraduate educations at the University's professional schools (many of which still conferred terminal bachelor's degrees) or earn B.S. degrees in liberal arts and scientific disciplines as University Undergraduates at the Morningside Heights campus; at the time, the University only conferred the B.A. to graduates of Columbia College.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F39SJn66jF0C&pg=PA271&lpg=PA271&dq=%22university+undergraduates%22+%22columbia%22+%22seth+low%22&source=bl&ots=U826rr4J0b&sig=amyK9MLUkhBfA2-BOuW-iSMMA2o&hl=en&sa=X&ei=nMLwUYnzPLL84AOG8IDoDQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22university%20undergraduates%22%20%22columbia%22%20%22seth%20low%22&f=false |title=Stand, Columbia: A History of Columbia University in the City of New York ... – Robert A. McCaughey – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=2014-01-05}}</ref>

Seth Low Junior College was closed in 1938 due to the establishment of Brooklyn College in 1930 and the concomitant economic effects of the Great Depression. Henceforth, its remaining students were absorbed into Columbia's undergraduate population as students in the University Undergraduate program (previously, University Extension, which was established by [[Nicholas Murray Butler]] in 1904).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19420602-01.2.16&srpos=12&e=------194-en-20--1-byDA-txt-IN-%22university+undergraduates%22---- |title=Columbia Daily Spectator 2 June 1942 — Columbia Spectator |publisher=Spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu |date=1942-06-02 |accessdate=2014-01-05}}</ref>

===The Establishment of the School of General Studies===
With an influx of students attending the University on the G.I. Bill following the resolution of World War II, in December 1946, the University Undergraduate program was reorganized as an official undergraduate college for "qualified students who, because of employment or for other reasons, are unable to attend other schools of the University" and designated the School of General Studies as of July 1947.<ref name="gs.columbia.edu-2">[http://www.gs.columbia.edu/gs-history History of the School of General Studies]</ref><ref name="spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu-2">{{cite web|url=http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19461210-01.2.2&srpos=2&e=-------en-20--1-byDA-txt-IN-%22general+studies%22----# |title=Columbia Daily Spectator 10 December 1946 — Columbia Spectator |publisher=Spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu |date=1946-12-10 |accessdate=2014-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19461206-01.2.5&srpos=1&e=-------en-20--1-byDA-txt-IN-%22general+studies%22---- |title=Columbia Daily Spectator 6 December 1946 — Columbia Spectator |publisher=Spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu |date=1946-12-06 |accessdate=2014-01-05}}</ref>

===The Trustees Grant the Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)===
In December 1968, the University Council permitted GS to grant the B.A. degree. Despite the objections of some members of the Columbia College Faculty, the Board of Trustees authorized the decision in February 1969.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19681219-01.2.2&srpos=29&e=-------en-20--21-byDA-txt-IN-%22general+studies%22+%22b.a.%22-ARTICLE---# |title=Columbia Daily Spectator 19 December 1968 — Columbia Spectator |publisher=Spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu |date=1968-12-19 |accessdate=2014-01-05}}</ref>

===The Merging of the Columbia College and General Studies Faculties===
In 1990, the Columbia College (CC), School of General Studies (GS), and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (GSAS) faculties were merged into the Faculty of Arts & Sciences, which resulted in the complete academic integration between the School of General Studies and Columbia College.<ref name="columbiaspectator.com">http://columbiaspectator.com/2014/02/26/gs-eliminate-bs-degree-option-may-2014</ref> As a result, both GS and CC students receive degrees conferred by the Trustees of Columbia University through the Faculty of Art & Sciences,<ref name="columbiaspectator.com"/> and GS is recognized as one of the two official liberal arts colleges at Columbia University, along with Columbia College.

== Myths ==
* GS is night school.
:GS students attend the same classes as students in other colleges at the university. Columbia offers some classes at night, but they are available to all students.
* GS is an extension program.
:GS should not be confused with the separate [[School of Continuing Education]], which offers individual courses on non-degree basis. GS is one of the two official liberal arts colleges at Columbia University along with Columbia College. Students are expected to pursue a Bachelor of Arts degree.

== Relationship to Columbia College ==
In December 1968 the University Council decided, over the objections of some members of the Columbia College Faculty, to allow GS to grant the B.A. degree in addition to the B.S. The Board of Trustees authorized that decision in February 1969. The creation of the [[Faculty of Arts and Sciences]] in 1991 merged the GS, CC and [[GSAS]] faculties. As a result, GS and CC students are nearly academically indistinguishable – they both receive instruction in the liberal arts and sciences from the Columbia Faculty of Arts and Sciences and receive the Bachelor of Arts degree from Columbia University. Until 2014 some did receive the Bachelor of Science degree, like SEAS students. GS students participate in nearly the same Core as Columbia College students, with a little additional flexibility, and the waiving of the swim test, PE, and [[Frontiers of Science]]. GS students have the same curriculum, but their own sections of, [[University Writing]], [[Literature Humanities]], and [[Contemporary Civilization]] although non-GS students may enroll if they wish and can gain permission. GS students may substitute certain other classes for the traditional Lit Hum, Art Hum, and CC that focus on non-western culture, if they wish.

The wide range of students that form the GS student body, from professionals or dropouts returning to school for a degree, to military veterans, to students who took 2 years off before attending college, to 'traditional'-age students enrolled in the Joint Degree Program with List College at [[JTS]], to postbac pre-med students, makes it hard to say just what specific identity GS students have that makes them so different from their fellow students in the College. In [[2007]], the administration floated the idea of a CC-GS merger.<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2007/11/12/university-may-merge-gs-cc "University May Merge GS with CC." Columbia Spectator. November 12, 2007</ref> However it quickly died down.<ref>http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2008/03/10/merits-gs-cc-integration "The Merits of the GS, CC Integration" Columbia Spectator. March 10 2008</ref>

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.gs.columbia.edu/home.asp GS website]
* [http://www.gs.columbia.edu/studentservices/housing.htm GS Housing website]
* [http://www.alumni.gs.columbia.edu/ OwlNet, GS Alumni website]
* [http://gssc.columbia.edu GSSC Website] ([[GSSC]] General Studies Student Council)
* [http://www.gs.columbia.edu/history.htm History of the School of General Studies]
*[http://media.www.columbiaspectator.com/media/storage/paper865/news/2007/03/05/News/Implications.General.Studies-2757242.shtml IMPLICATIONS: General Studies (Article on the evolving and conflicting identities of GS)] - [[Columbia Spectator|The Spectator]] 3/5/07
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822081,00.html College for Grownups (''Time'' article from 1952)]
* [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,810834,00.html The Unwashed Brother (article on GS in Time Magazine, circa 1959.)]
* [[w:Columbia University School of General Studies|Wikipedia article]]

{{Schools}}

[[Category:General Studies|*]]

Peter Awn

2021-05-17T18:20:20Z

72736379: Changed wording to past tense, include Dean Rosen-Metsch as successor.

[[File:Columbia_gs_dean_peter_awn.jpg|thumb|Peter Awn]]
'''Peter Awn''' was Dean of the [[School of General Studies]], Professor in the Department of Religion, and Director of the Middle East Institute. He was on the faculty at Columbia University since 1978 and served as Dean of [[General Studies]] from 1997 to 2017. He served as Interim Dean of the [[School of Continuing Education]] from when it separated from GS until 2009.

Awn was a religion scholar of Arab descent, and often taught a famously intensive survey course on Islam during the spring semester. Previously he regularly taught [[LitHum]]. He's a "Silver Nugget" on [[CULPA]] receiving large praise for his lectures<ref>http://www.culpa.info/professors/188</ref>.

Awn received a [[B.A.]] from [[Fordham University]], an M.Div. from Woodstock College and a [[Ph.D.]] from [[Harvard University]].<ref>http://www.gs.columbia.edu/expert-bios</ref> He was previously a Jesuit priest.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/02/nyregion/traditions-collide-in-a-chelsea-parish.html</ref>

On February 17th, 2019, Awn passed away from injuries sustained after being hit by a car while walking home from campus on January 25th, 2019<ref>https://www.columbiaspectator.com/news/2019/03/28/driver-that-struck-former-gs-dean-peter-awn-charged-faces-maximum-15-days-jail-time/</ref>.

{{succession|office=Dean of the School of General Studies|years=[[1997]]-[[2017]]|succeeded=[[Lisa Rosen-Metsch]]|preceded=[[Gillian Lindt]]}}

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Religion professors|Awn, Peter]]
[[Category:Deans of the School of General Studies|Awn, Peter]]
[[Category:Great Teacher Award recipients]]