WikiCU - User contributions [en]

Columbia Student Solidarity Network

2007-04-23T17:48:31Z

Bmercer: /* Member clubs */

The '''Columbia Student Solidarity Network''' (CSSN) is an umbrella organization for left-wing and progressive [[clubs]] on campus.

== Member clubs ==

* [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU)
* [[Amnesty International]]
* [[Everyone Allied Against Homophobia]] (EAAH)
* [[International Socialist Organization]] (ISO)
* [[Student Coalition on Expansion and Gentrification]] (SCEG)
* [[Students for Economic and Environmental Justice]] (SEEJ)
* [[Take Back the Night]]

=== Affiliated groups ===

* [[Stop Hate On Columbia's Campus]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cssn/ CSSN website]

[[Category:Activist clubs]]
[[Category:Political clubs]]

Columbia Student Solidarity Network

2007-04-23T17:48:10Z

Bmercer:

The '''Columbia Student Solidarity Network''' (CSSN) is an umbrella organization for left-wing and progressive [[clubs]] on campus.

== Member clubs ==

* [[American Civil Liberties Union]] (ACLU)
* [[Amnesty International]]
* [[Everyone Allied Against Homophobia]] (EAAH)
* [[International Socialist Organization]] (ISO)
* [[Student Coalition on Expansion and Gentrification]]
* [[Students for Economic and Environmental Justice]] (SEEJ)
* [[Take Back the Night]]

=== Affiliated groups ===

* [[Stop Hate On Columbia's Campus]]

== External links ==
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cssn/ CSSN website]

[[Category:Activist clubs]]
[[Category:Political clubs]]

Students for Environmental and Economic Justice

2007-04-23T17:47:32Z

Bmercer:

Most often known as '''SEEJ''', pronounced like "siege".

Campaigns:
*Sweatshop labor
*The presence of a [[Citibank]] campus branch in [[Lerner]], because the bank financed something environmentally insensitive a long time ago in a land far, far away...

[[Category:Activist clubs]]

Stop Hate On Columbia's Campus

2007-04-23T17:45:57Z

Bmercer:

'''Stop Hate On Columbia's Campus''' or '''SHOCC''' is an adhoc group established in response to the [[Ruggles vandalization incident]].

In Spring [[2006]], SHOCC initiated a series of protests, issuing demands to the administration to establish "[[safe space]]s", implement changes to the [[Core Curriculum]], and force students to undergo "anti-oppression training". The administration partially caved in to the latter demand, mandating "diversity training" as part of [[NSOP]].

== External links ==
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cssn/shocc/ SHOCC website]

[[Category:Activist clubs]]

Manhattanville controversy

2007-04-23T17:43:01Z

Bmercer: /* Objections to the plan */

In the summer of [[2003]], President Bollinger announced the University's intentions to build a satellite campus extension in the area bounded by [[125th Street|125th]] and 133rd Streets between [[Broadway (avenue)|Broadway]] and 12th Avenue, an area of approximately 18 acres. Manhattanville is an industrial and largely depopulated area northwest of campus. Controversy surrounds the impact of Columbia's plans on the neighborhood and the possibility of the state using eminent domain to condemn properties in the area. Some of the objection surrounds the alleged but disproven plans for the construction of a Bio Safety Level 3 laboratory on the campus.

The [[Student Coalition on Expansion and Gentrification]] is the main student group against Columbia's expansion as proposed, calling for changes to the plan to make Columbia accountable to the community. The [http://www.stopcolumbia.org/ Coalition to Preserve Community] is a neighborhood group dedicated to protecting the rights of tenants in the wake of Manhattan's largest development.

== Two visions for Manhattanville ==

===The Columbia Plan===
Columbia has retained world renowned architect Renzo Piano to lay the master plan for the expansion, a plan which Bollinger has insisted must be implemented either in whole or not at all. Current plans call for the first phase of construction to include new sites for the [[Columbia Business School|Business School]], the [[School of the Arts]], the newly created Jerome Greene Neuroscience Research Center, and a 6-12 public Magnet school under Columbia's direction for children of northern Manhattan and the greater New York area.

===The 197-a Plan===
197-a refers to section 197-a of the New York City Charter. This section authorizes community boards and borough boards, as well as the Mayor, the City Planning Commission, the Department of City Planning, and any Borough President, to sponsor plans for the development, growth, and improvement of the city, its boroughs and communities.

Community Board 9, has draft 197-a plan for Morningside Heights, Manhattanville, and Hamilton Heights. It was developed in cooperation with the [http://www.prattcenter.net/cp-cb9.php Pratt Institute Center for Community Development] and the Department of City Planning.

Once ratified, the plan itself has no legal force. Yet, since the plan is an embodiment of the "people's will" any development or activity that ran counter to the plan would be a major contretemps for Columbia. The 197-a plan does not prevent the development of the Manhattanville campus, but does contain provisions that would require significant modifications to Columbia's current proposal.

== Eminent domain ==
Typical of these kinds of land use disputes, there are a number of 'hold-outs' in the Manhattanville area. That is several business have been approached with buyout offers by Columbia, but have refused the offer. Anne Whitman of Hudson Moving and Storage is one example. Whitman has expressed fears that Columbia will use political influence to have her property condemned. Bollinger is on record stating use of eminent domain would not be ruled out.

The 197-a plan will contain clauses proscribing the use of eminent domain in the area. It is unclear whether the languages is or is not a direct response to Columbia's implied threat to use eminent domain to ensure a contiguous campus.

== Support of the plan ==
* Expansion creates new job opportunities<ref>6,900 university jobs [http://www.neighbors.columbia.edu/pages/manplanning/faqs/index.html#N100E8 source]</ref> in the neighborhood
* Expansion leads to more commerce in the area and in New York City<ref>$11 Billion in commerce generated[http://www.neighbors.columbia.edu/pages/manplanning/faqs/index.html#N10129 source]</ref>
* Expansion would change the character of the neighborhood for the better
* Plan includes community amenities including the creation of parkland and the creation of Columbia secondary school

== Objections to the plan ==
* The expansion would considerably change the character of the neighborhood
* The expansion would require residents in the neighborhood to relocate<ref>Columbia claims that 132 units would need to be relocated [http://www.neighbors.columbia.edu/pages/manplanning/faqs/index.html#N100E8 source]</ref>
* The expansion would eliminate several business operating in the area
* The University has indicated it would use eminent domain if necessary
* The proximity of biotech facilities to densily populated neighborhoods
* The expansion will cause secondary displacement throughout West Harlem and Upper Manhattan due to increased rents

== Notes ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.neighbors.columbia.edu/pages/manplanning/index.html Manhattanville in West Harlem (Columbia's information site)]
* [http://www.prattcenter.net/cp-cb9-197a.php Community Board 9 197-a plan]
* [http://www.stopcolumbia.org/ Coalition to Preserve Community]

[[Category:Scandals]]
[[Category:Manhattanville]]
[[Category:Manhattanville campus]]

Manhattanville controversy

2007-04-23T17:41:56Z

Bmercer:

In the summer of [[2003]], President Bollinger announced the University's intentions to build a satellite campus extension in the area bounded by [[125th Street|125th]] and 133rd Streets between [[Broadway (avenue)|Broadway]] and 12th Avenue, an area of approximately 18 acres. Manhattanville is an industrial and largely depopulated area northwest of campus. Controversy surrounds the impact of Columbia's plans on the neighborhood and the possibility of the state using eminent domain to condemn properties in the area. Some of the objection surrounds the alleged but disproven plans for the construction of a Bio Safety Level 3 laboratory on the campus.

The [[Student Coalition on Expansion and Gentrification]] is the main student group against Columbia's expansion as proposed, calling for changes to the plan to make Columbia accountable to the community. The [http://www.stopcolumbia.org/ Coalition to Preserve Community] is a neighborhood group dedicated to protecting the rights of tenants in the wake of Manhattan's largest development.

== Two visions for Manhattanville ==

===The Columbia Plan===
Columbia has retained world renowned architect Renzo Piano to lay the master plan for the expansion, a plan which Bollinger has insisted must be implemented either in whole or not at all. Current plans call for the first phase of construction to include new sites for the [[Columbia Business School|Business School]], the [[School of the Arts]], the newly created Jerome Greene Neuroscience Research Center, and a 6-12 public Magnet school under Columbia's direction for children of northern Manhattan and the greater New York area.

===The 197-a Plan===
197-a refers to section 197-a of the New York City Charter. This section authorizes community boards and borough boards, as well as the Mayor, the City Planning Commission, the Department of City Planning, and any Borough President, to sponsor plans for the development, growth, and improvement of the city, its boroughs and communities.

Community Board 9, has draft 197-a plan for Morningside Heights, Manhattanville, and Hamilton Heights. It was developed in cooperation with the [http://www.prattcenter.net/cp-cb9.php Pratt Institute Center for Community Development] and the Department of City Planning.

Once ratified, the plan itself has no legal force. Yet, since the plan is an embodiment of the "people's will" any development or activity that ran counter to the plan would be a major contretemps for Columbia. The 197-a plan does not prevent the development of the Manhattanville campus, but does contain provisions that would require significant modifications to Columbia's current proposal.

== Eminent domain ==
Typical of these kinds of land use disputes, there are a number of 'hold-outs' in the Manhattanville area. That is several business have been approached with buyout offers by Columbia, but have refused the offer. Anne Whitman of Hudson Moving and Storage is one example. Whitman has expressed fears that Columbia will use political influence to have her property condemned. Bollinger is on record stating use of eminent domain would not be ruled out.

The 197-a plan will contain clauses proscribing the use of eminent domain in the area. It is unclear whether the languages is or is not a direct response to Columbia's implied threat to use eminent domain to ensure a contiguous campus.

== Support of the plan ==
* Expansion creates new job opportunities<ref>6,900 university jobs [http://www.neighbors.columbia.edu/pages/manplanning/faqs/index.html#N100E8 source]</ref> in the neighborhood
* Expansion leads to more commerce in the area and in New York City<ref>$11 Billion in commerce generated[http://www.neighbors.columbia.edu/pages/manplanning/faqs/index.html#N10129 source]</ref>
* Expansion would change the character of the neighborhood for the better
* Plan includes community amenities including the creation of parkland and the creation of Columbia secondary school

== Objections to the plan ==
* The expansion would considerably change the character of the neighborhood
* The expansion would require residents in the neighborhood to relocate<ref>Columbia claims that 132 units would need to be relocated [http://www.neighbors.columbia.edu/pages/manplanning/faqs/index.html#N100E8 source]</ref>
* The expansion would eliminate several business operating in the area
* The University has indicated it would use eminent domain if necessary
* The proximity of biotech facilities to densily populated neighborhoods
* The extent of secondary displacement throughout West Harlem and Upper Manhattan due to increased rents is unclear.

== Notes ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [http://www.neighbors.columbia.edu/pages/manplanning/index.html Manhattanville in West Harlem (Columbia's information site)]
* [http://www.prattcenter.net/cp-cb9-197a.php Community Board 9 197-a plan]
* [http://www.stopcolumbia.org/ Coalition to Preserve Community]

[[Category:Scandals]]
[[Category:Manhattanville]]
[[Category:Manhattanville campus]]

Manhattanville campus

2007-04-23T15:48:27Z

Bmercer: /* External links */

In the summer of [[2003]], President [[Bollinger]] announced the University's intention to build a extension/satellite campus. The '''Manhattanville campus''' is an 18 acre planned development in the [[Manhattanville]] neighborhood of [[Manhattan]], an area bound by [[125th Street|125th]] and 133rd Streets between [[Broadway (avenue)|Broadway]] and 12th Avenue. It is to be built in phases and completed by [[2030]].

Columbia has retained world renowned architect Renzo Piano to lay the master plan for the expansion, a plan which President Bollinger has insisted must be implemented either in whole or not at all. Current plans call for the first phase of construction to include new sites for the [[Columbia Business School|Business School]], the [[School of the Arts]], the newly created [[Jerome L. Greene Science Center]], and the [[Columbia Science, Math and Engineering Secondary School]] a public Magnet school under Columbia's direction for children of northern Manhattan residents.

Columbia's Manhattaville campus expansion has been somewhat controversial. See the main article at [[Manhattanville controversy]].

== Renderings ==

===Early plans===
<gallery>
Image:ManhattanvilleSitePlan.jpg|Initial Manhattanville campus plan
Image:ManhattanvilleBroadway.jpg|View of [[Broadway (avenue)|Broadway]] following the campus' completion
Image:ManhattanvilleSOA.jpg|Early rendering of a future [[125th Street]]; the curved building was an early design for the future [[School of the Arts]]
</gallery>

===Current plans===
<gallery>
Image:Jlgreenectr.jpg|View of the future [[Jerome L. Greene Science Center]] from Broadway
</gallery>

== Map ==
<googlemap lat="40.817853" lon="-73.957837" type="map" zoom="16" width="500" height="300" controls="small">
#758bc5
40.820004, -73.958877
40.818811, -73.956023
40.819438, -73.955573
40.819036, -73.954685
40.81846, -73.955112
40.818389, -73.955315
40.817425, -73.955592
40.81709, -73.955795
40.817542, -73.956949
40.815443, -73.958454
40.817502, -73.960696
40.820004, -73.958877
</googlemap>

== External links ==
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/06/03/science_center.html Jerome L. Greene Science Center Press Release]
* [http://neighbors.columbia.edu/pages/manplanning/ Manhattanville in West Harlem (Columbia's information site)]
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cssn/expansion The Student Coalition on Expansion and alternative perspectives on Columbia's plan]

[[Category:Manhattanville campus]]

Talk:Ethnic Studies Report

2007-04-23T15:45:46Z

Bmercer:

*why is this nominated for deletion? [[User:Stephen.wang|wang]] 01:51, 23 April 2007 (EDT)
:*Hmm, I guess it doesn't really need to be deleted. It does seem like it was just copied and pasted from somewhere though. A link to the original document might be more appropriate. [[User:Reaganaut|Reaganaut]] 03:47, 23 April 2007 (EDT)
:*Yes, it was originally posted on another wiki. but the info here is definitely about columbia and it should have a place to live here. [[User:Bmercer|Bmercer]]

User talk:Reaganaut

2007-04-23T15:41:26Z

Bmercer:

==2007 Ethnic Studies Report==
Thanks for the format help on the Ethnic Studies page. question though, why put it up as a candidate for deletion?

==Restaurant articles==
Hey, maybe we could try integrating this into restaurant articles? http://wikicu.com/Template:Infobox_restaurant

Also, thanks for cleaning up my grammar! [[User:Absentminded|Absentminded]] 11:37, 8 April 2007 (EDT)

==Eskin==

*I agree! [[User:Pacman|Pacman]] 14:01, 29 March 2007 (EDT)

==Signatures==

*Start here: http://www.lostpedia.com/wiki/Signatures That's where I learned how to do mine.

Ethnic Studies Report

2007-04-23T15:35:14Z

Bmercer: /* External links */

[[Image:ethnicstudiesnow.jpg|thumb|300px|"No hiring power or departmental status. Two classes canceled this semester. Demands from over a decade ago still unmet. This is the present state of Ethnic Studies at Columbia."]]

The '''2007 Ethnic Studies Report''' was compiled by 15 Columbia and Barnard students in an independent study during the spring of 2007 to define a student vision Ethnic Studies and highlight recommendations for the future of the fields at Columbia.

== Report ==

We are a group of students who share an academic concern and an intellectual investment in Ethnic Studies. Continuing the legacy of the student organizers who first advocated for Ethnic Studies at Columbia, we have taken upon ourselves the work of researching and producing this document in order to catalyze Columbia University and Barnard College to real institutional support for a field in which it is currently lagging. Given the critical juncture at which the Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race (CSER), the Institute for Research in African-American Studies (IRAAS), and the Barnard Africana Studies Program currently stand, we want to make clear that our demand and concern is for a robust Ethnic Studies program at both Columbia and Barnard Colleges. The centers are instruments for Ethnic Studies, therefore we ask not merely for more resources, but for a recommitment to Ethnic Studies as a specific intellectual inquiry with a particular history and an unique epistemological framework.

===What is Ethnic Studies?: History, Methodology, and Context===

Ethnic Studies is a critical analysis of the social construction of race in the United States, drawing from historical and contemporary perspectives to frame the ongoing process by which people of color are grouped and defined at the complex intersections of race, gender, class, sexuality, and nationality. It is both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, not confined to one academic discourse, but rather involves a methodology that draws from the strengths of each of these fields and transcends their individual weaknesses. Born from demand in the 1960’s, Ethnic Studies as a field is marked by persistent popular struggle, such as the Columbia student protests of 1996. It is also rooted in the voices of historically and structurally oppressed peoples of color, intricately tied to community struggles, and oriented towards an overarching goal of societal transformation. By necessity Ethnic Studies has a fundamentally different premise from other fields that may or may not incorporate race, such as Area Studies like Asian Studies and Latin American Studies or analyses of race in the U.S. through fields like sociology or anthropology.

===Ethnic Studies As Central to Columbia University===

As a community that prides itself on diversity, we are annually scarred by incidents that demonstrate our lack of a critical language necessary to analyze and comprehend the hierarchy of difference that defines our society. Ethnic Studies examines the origins of these differences, and provides necessary tools for us to grasp the dynamics of race on our campus and in our interaction with our neighboring and global communities. It can propel Columbia to the forefront of new academic thought on par with, and hopefully beyond, our innovative peer institutions. In sum, the stated goals of Columbia University as well as the Columbia College Core Curriculum can never be fully realized without the critical lens that Ethnic Studies provides.

===How We Measure Up: Columbia University in Context===

CSER, IRAAS, and the Africana Studies Program are immensely under-funded and under-supported by Columbia University, and have been consistently behind the university's peer institutions and other leading institutions in various fields of Ethnic Studies. CSER’s course offerings reflect limited resources; Spring 2007 saw only four courses, including our student-initiated independent study. No program has autonomous hiring power, leaving their limited faculty development at the mercy of established departments. In comparison with other institutions, which boast department status, graduate programs, at least 16 courses each semester, hiring power, and various forms of innovative and community-related programming, Columbia's programs are in a deplorable condition.

===Ethnic Studies at Barnard College===

While Barnard College supports the critical analysis of gender through a strong Women's Studies Department, the critical analysis of race and ethnicity is almost completely ignored. The Africana Studies Program is denied departmental status and crucial resources while the creation of an Ethnic Studies Department is vocally opposed by top Barnard administrators. This administrative resistance is out of character for a small, liberal arts college that prides itself on responding to its student's educational needs. The majority of current Barnard students are not prepared to theorize issues of race and ethnicity when these issues are only marginally addressed in scattered courses and students must rely on Columbia College’s small course offerings in the field to fulfill their academic interests.

===Recommendation Highlights===

* Departmental status for current centers, institutes, and programs by 2010.
* Autonomous hiring power for all programs; increased funding to support faculty lines.
* Launching an immediate fundraising initiative towards an endowed faculty fund for CSER.
* Faculty Support & Development, including
:* A minimum of 10 Core professors for each program
:* A commitment to increase tenure track opportunities for professors in the fields of Ethnic Studies
:* An immediate Cluster Hire of no fewer than 5 Ethnic Studies professors through the Office of the Vice Provost for Diversity
* Curricular Reform; increased course offerings including the addition of:
:* Native American Studies
:* Inclusion of the study of racially oppressed Middle Eastern Americans

Ethnic Studies Report

2007-04-23T15:30:20Z

Bmercer:

File:Ethnicstudiesnow.jpg

2007-04-22T23:26:10Z

Bmercer:

Ethnic Studies Report

2007-04-22T23:25:19Z

Bmercer: New page: center '''No hiring power or departmental status. Two classes canceled this semester. Demands from over a decade ago still unmet. This is the pres...

[[Image:ethnicstudiesnow.jpg|400px|center]]

'''No hiring power or departmental status. Two classes canceled this semester. Demands from over a decade ago still unmet. This is the present state of Ethnic Studies at Columbia.'''

'''Download the full report: [[http://socialjustice.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/images/1/18/ESIS_Report.pdf Ethnic Studies Now]]'''

We are a group of students who share an academic concern and an intellectual investment in Ethnic Studies. Continuing the legacy of the student organizers who first advocated for Ethnic Studies at Columbia, we have taken upon ourselves the work of researching and producing this document in order to catalyze Columbia University and Barnard College to real institutional support for a field in which it is currently lagging. Given the critical juncture at which the Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race (CSER), the Institute for Research in African-American Studies (IRAAS), and the Barnard Africana Studies Program currently stand, we want to make clear that our demand and concern is for a robust Ethnic Studies program at both Columbia and Barnard Colleges. The centers are instruments for Ethnic Studies, therefore we ask not merely for more resources, but for a recommitment to Ethnic Studies as a specific intellectual inquiry with a particular history and an unique epistemological framework.

'''What is Ethnic Studies?: History, Methodology, and Context'''

Ethnic Studies is a critical analysis of the social construction of race in the United States, drawing from historical and contemporary perspectives to frame the ongoing process by which people of color are grouped and defined at the complex intersections of race, gender, class, sexuality, and nationality. It is both interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary, not confined to one academic discourse, but rather involves a methodology that draws from the strengths of each of these fields and transcends their individual weaknesses. Born from demand in the 1960’s, Ethnic Studies as a field is marked by persistent popular struggle, such as the Columbia student protests of 1996. It is also rooted in the voices of historically and structurally oppressed peoples of color, intricately tied to community struggles, and oriented towards an overarching goal of societal transformation. By necessity Ethnic Studies has a fundamentally different premise from other fields that may or may not incorporate race, such as Area Studies like Asian Studies and Latin American Studies or analyses of race in the U.S. through fields like sociology or anthropology.

'''Ethnic Studies As Central to Columbia University'''

As a community that prides itself on diversity, we are annually scarred by incidents that demonstrate our lack of a critical language necessary to analyze and comprehend the hierarchy of difference that defines our society. Ethnic Studies examines the origins of these differences, and provides necessary tools for us to grasp the dynamics of race on our campus and in our interaction with our neighboring and global communities. It can propel Columbia to the forefront of new academic thought on par with, and hopefully beyond, our innovative peer institutions. In sum, the stated goals of Columbia University as well as the Columbia College Core Curriculum can never be fully realized without the critical lens that Ethnic Studies provides.

'''How We Measure Up: Columbia University in Context'''

CSER, IRAAS, and the Africana Studies Program are immensely under-funded and under-supported by Columbia University, and have been consistently behind the university's peer institutions and other leading institutions in various fields of Ethnic Studies. CSER’s course offerings reflect limited resources; Spring 2007 saw only four courses, including our student-initiated independent study. No program has autonomous hiring power, leaving their limited faculty development at the mercy of established departments. In comparison with other institutions, which boast department status, graduate programs, at least 16 courses each semester, hiring power, and various forms of innovative and community-related programming, Columbia's programs are in a deplorable condition.

'''Ethnic Studies at Barnard College'''

While Barnard College supports the critical analysis of gender through a strong Women's Studies Department, the critical analysis of race and ethnicity is almost completely ignored. The Africana Studies Program is denied departmental status and crucial resources while the creation of an Ethnic Studies Department is vocally opposed by top Barnard administrators. This administrative resistance is out of character for a small, liberal arts college that prides itself on responding to its student's educational needs. The majority of current Barnard students are not prepared to theorize issues of race and ethnicity when these issues are only marginally addressed in scattered courses and students must rely on Columbia College’s small course offerings in the field to fulfill their academic interests.

'''Recommendation Highlights'''

- Departmental status for current centers, institutes, and programs by 2010.

- Autonomous hiring power for all programs; increased funding to support faculty lines.

- Launching an immediate fundraising initiative towards an endowed faculty fund for CSER.

- Faculty Support & Development, including

o A minimum of 10 Core professors for each program

o A commitment to increase tenure track opportunities for professors in the fields of Ethnic Studies

o An immediate Cluster Hire of no fewer than 5 Ethnic Studies professors through the Office of the Vice Provost for Diversity

- Curricular Reform; increased course offerings including the addition of:

o Native American Studies

o Inclusion of the study of racially oppressed Middle Eastern Americans

1996

2007-04-22T23:22:44Z

Bmercer:

'''1996''' in Columbia history:

*[[Ferris Booth Hall]] is demolished to make way for the new student center, [[Alfred Lerner Hall]]. Construction on Lerner would last until [[1999]]. Meanwhile, [[Lion's Court]] is erected to serve as the temporary student center, and stands until [[2002]].

==Spring==

*April 1-15: Students go on a hunger strike, occupying [[Low Library]] and [[Hamilton]] in the name of establishing an Ethnic Studies Department. In [[1999]], the [[Center for the Study of Ethnicity and Race]] is created in partial fulfillment of these demands.

{{succession|preceded=[[1995]]|succeeded=[[1997]]|office=History of Columbia University|years=1996}}

[[Category:20th century]]