History of student housing - Revision history

Christianist at 19:11, 17 April 2015

2015-04-17T19:11:23Z

Admin at 02:23, 2 December 2013

2013-12-02T02:23:16Z

Blue Pete: /* External links */

2013-11-30T05:14:23Z

‎External links

Absentminded: /* Disrepair and Modern-day residence halls */

2013-11-24T03:58:56Z

‎Disrepair and Modern-day residence halls

Absentminded: /* Disrepair and Modern-day residence halls */

2013-11-24T03:35:12Z

‎Disrepair and Modern-day residence halls

Absentminded at 06:02, 19 November 2013

2013-11-19T06:02:47Z

Pacman: /* House system experiments */

2013-05-31T22:03:37Z

‎House system experiments

Pacman: /* College Hall */

2013-05-31T22:02:58Z

‎College Hall

Pacman: /* Disrepair and Modern-day residence halls */

2013-05-31T21:33:08Z

‎Disrepair and Modern-day residence halls

Pacman: /* Disrepair and Modern-day residence halls */

2013-05-31T21:31:12Z

‎Disrepair and Modern-day residence halls

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 == External links ==
 * [http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct/sep05/cover.php Home on the Heights: 100 Years of Housing at Columbia]
-* Histories of each [[:Category:Residence halls|residence hall]] can be found on its individual page.
+* Histories of each [[:Category:Columbia undergraduate residence halls|residence hall]] can be found on its individual page.
 * [https://ia601009.us.archive.org/3/items/Housing_201311/housing.pdf "The Residential Student At Columbia"] by Herbert Howe (a super comprehensive history on housing up to 1932 from Columbia Quarterly)

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-Housing at Columbia has had a rather interesting history.
+This article documents the rather interesting '''history of student housing''' at Columbia.
 == College Hall ==
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 [[Category:Housing]]
 [[Category:History]]

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 * [http://www.college.columbia.edu/cct/sep05/cover.php Home on the Heights: 100 Years of Housing at Columbia]
 * Histories of each [[:Category:Residence halls|residence hall]] can be found on its individual page.
 ==References==

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 The passage of decades in between the construction of purpose built student housing, as between Hartley/Livingston and John Jay/Johnson Halls, became a precedent. Over the next 75 years, Columbia would only build 4 more purpose built dormitory buildings (and all of them in the utilitarian 'skyscraper' mold of John Jay and Johnson) - [[Carman Hall|"New Hall"]] (Carman Hall) in 1959, the massive [[East Campus]] in 1981, [[Schapiro Hall]] in [[1988]], and finally [[Broadway Residence Hall]] in 2000. All other buildings added to undergraduate housing stock over this period are converted structures.
-Over the course of this slow building program, the condition of Columbia's student housing stock severely deteriorated by the 60s, and was still abysmal through the 1980s. The poor quality of housing was even cited as a cause of [[1968 protests]] by the [[Cox Commission]] inquiry. Dean [[Peter Pouncey]] wrote in [[1973]] that students were known to say that the dorms must have been designed "by an architect morbidly conditioned by [[Humanities A]] to blend the more oppressive features of [[Dante]]'s ''Inferno'' with Kafka's diseased imaginings[.]"<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19730501-02.2.10</ref> And so Columbia set about converting doubles into singles, and scrounging up money to add floor lounges in each dormitory during the 70s, but this meant kicking graduate students out of John Jay and Furnald into "temporary" buildings like [[Ruggles]] and [[Harmony]].<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19690213-01.2.4</ref><ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19750926-01.2.9</ref> At that time, graduate student permanent housing included [[McBain]] and [[River]] (then known as Hudson) Halls, which were also in abject condition at the time.<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19741115-01.2.6</reF> Ironically all of those buildings have been converted into undergraduate only housing over the years. By [[1976]], acting Dean [[Robert Belknap]], observed that "[w]e have four residence halls that are run down, but basically decent structures to live in, Furnald, Hartley, Livingston, and McBain. Carman is badly designed, but fun. John Jay is a gloomy array of single rooms, and many of our students live at home or in apartments that leave much to be desired."<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19761014-01.2.15 This meandering page-long set of 'reflections on the College' is a bizarre must-read.</ref> In 1978, the story wasn't much better, with the ''[[Spec]]'' running a two-part series on the poor living conditions in River, McBain and other buildings.<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781121-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781122-01.2.7]</ref> The story remained the same in 1983, with caved ceilings, non-functioning appliances, broken lights, etc., blighting dormitories, a combination of decay and shoddy construction taking the blame.<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19831017-01.2.2Dorm decay outpacing maintenance], Columbia Spectator, 17 October 1983</ref>
+Over the course of this slow building program, the condition of Columbia's student housing stock severely deteriorated by the 60s, and was still abysmal through the 1980s. The poor quality of housing was even cited as a cause of [[1968 protests]] by the [[Cox Commission]] inquiry. Dean [[Peter Pouncey]] wrote in [[1973]] that students were known to say that the dorms must have been designed "by an architect morbidly conditioned by [[Humanities A]] to blend the more oppressive features of [[Dante]]'s ''Inferno'' with Kafka's diseased imaginings[.]"<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19730501-02.2.10</ref> And so Columbia set about converting doubles into singles, and scrounging up money to add floor lounges in each dormitory during the 70s, but this meant kicking graduate students out of John Jay and Furnald into "temporary" buildings like [[Ruggles]] and [[Harmony]].<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19690213-01.2.4</ref><ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19750926-01.2.9</ref> At that time, graduate student permanent housing included [[McBain]] and [[River]] (then known as Hudson) Halls, which were also in abject condition at the time.<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19741115-01.2.6</reF> Ironically all of those buildings have been converted into undergraduate only housing over the years. By [[1976]], acting Dean [[Robert Belknap]], observed that "[w]e have four residence halls that are run down, but basically decent structures to live in, Furnald, Hartley, Livingston, and McBain. Carman is badly designed, but fun. John Jay is a gloomy array of single rooms, and many of our students live at home or in apartments that leave much to be desired."<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19761014-01.2.15 This meandering page-long set of 'reflections on the College' is a bizarre must-read.</ref> In 1978, the story wasn't much better, with the ''[[Spec]]'' running a two-part series on the poor living conditions in River, McBain and other buildings.<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781121-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781122-01.2.7]</ref> The story remained the same in 1983, with caved ceilings, non-functioning appliances, broken lights, etc., blighting dormitories, a combination of decay and shoddy construction taking the blame.<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19831017-01.2.2Dorm decay outpacing maintenance], Columbia Spectator, 17 October 1983</ref><ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19831020-01.2.2]; [ctatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19831024-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19831027-01.2.21]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19831109-01.2.3]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19831123-01.2.3]</ref>
 The completion of [[Schapiro Hall]] in [[1988]] marked a turning point for Columbia because it allowed it to guarantee housing to all undergraduates for the first time in its history. Finally, in [[2000]], Columbia opened its sixth and latest purpose-built high-rise dormitory, [[Broadway Residence Hall]]. The University had mooted a new dormitory to be built in the place of the demolished [[115th Street Brownstones]] in 2007 in order to support a 15% increase in class size of [[Columbia College]], but never proceeded with the plan.

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 === Disrepair and  Modern-day residence halls ===
-Columbia would wait two decades to construct its next purpose-built dormitory, [[Carman Hall|"New Hall"]] in 1959, followed by another two decade wait for [[East Campus]] in [[1981]]. In between, the condition of Columbia dormitories severely deteriorated. The poor quality of housing was even cited as a cause of [[1968 protests]] by the [[Cox Commission]] inquiry. Dean [[Peter Pouncey]] wrote in [[1973]] that students were known to say that the dorms must have been designed "by an architect morbidly conditioned by [[Humanities A]] to blend the more oppressive features of [[Dante]]'s ''Inferno'' with Kafka's diseased imaginings[.]"<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19730501-02.2.10</ref> And so Columbia set about converting doubles into singles, and scrounging up money to add floor lounges in each dormitory during the 70s, but this meant kicking graduate students out of John Jay and Furnald into "temporary" buildings like [[Ruggles]] and [[Harmony]].<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19690213-01.2.4</ref><ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19750926-01.2.9</ref> At that time, graduate student permanent housing included [[McBain]] and [[River]] (then known as Hudson) Halls, which were also in abject condition at the time.<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19741115-01.2.6</reF> Ironically all of those buildings have been converted into undergraduate only housing over the years. By [[1976]], acting Dean [[Robert Belknap]], observed that "[w]e have four residence halls that are run down, but basically decent structures to live in, Furnald, Hartley, Livingston, and McBain. Carman is badly designed, but fun. John Jay is a gloomy array of single rooms, and many of our students live at home or in apartments that leave much to be desired."<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19761014-01.2.15 This meandering page-long set of 'reflections on the College' is a bizarre must-read.</ref> In 1978, the story wasn't much better, with the ''[[Spec]]'' running a two-part series on the poor living conditions in River, McBain and other buildings.<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781121-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781122-01.2.7]</ref>
+The passage of decades in between the construction of purpose built student housing, as between Hartley/Livingston and John Jay/Johnson Halls, became a precedent. Over the next 75 years, Columbia would only build 4 more purpose built dormitory buildings (and all of them in the utilitarian 'skyscraper' mold of John Jay and Johnson) - [[Carman Hall|"New Hall"]] (Carman Hall) in 1959, the massive [[East Campus]] in 1981, [[Schapiro Hall]] in [[1988]], and finally [[Broadway Residence Hall]] in 2000. All other buildings added to undergraduate housing stock over this period are converted structures.
-After [[East Campus]], the next purpose built dormitory to go up was [[Schapiro Hall]] in [[1988]]. Its construction marked a turning point for Columbia because it allowed to guarantee housing to all undergraduates for the first time in its history. Finally, in [[2000]], Columbia opened its sixth and latest purpose-built high-rise dormitory, [[Broadway Residence Hall]]. The University had mooted a new dormitory to be built in the place of the demolished [[115th Street Brownstones]] in 2007 in order to support a 15% increase in class size of [[Columbia College]], but never proceeded with the plan.
+Over the course of this slow building program, the condition of Columbia's student housing stock severely deteriorated by the 60s, and was still abysmal through the 1980s. The poor quality of housing was even cited as a cause of [[1968 protests]] by the [[Cox Commission]] inquiry. Dean [[Peter Pouncey]] wrote in [[1973]] that students were known to say that the dorms must have been designed "by an architect morbidly conditioned by [[Humanities A]] to blend the more oppressive features of [[Dante]]'s ''Inferno'' with Kafka's diseased imaginings[.]"<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19730501-02.2.10</ref> And so Columbia set about converting doubles into singles, and scrounging up money to add floor lounges in each dormitory during the 70s, but this meant kicking graduate students out of John Jay and Furnald into "temporary" buildings like [[Ruggles]] and [[Harmony]].<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19690213-01.2.4</ref><ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19750926-01.2.9</ref> At that time, graduate student permanent housing included [[McBain]] and [[River]] (then known as Hudson) Halls, which were also in abject condition at the time.<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19741115-01.2.6</reF> Ironically all of those buildings have been converted into undergraduate only housing over the years. By [[1976]], acting Dean [[Robert Belknap]], observed that "[w]e have four residence halls that are run down, but basically decent structures to live in, Furnald, Hartley, Livingston, and McBain. Carman is badly designed, but fun. John Jay is a gloomy array of single rooms, and many of our students live at home or in apartments that leave much to be desired."<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19761014-01.2.15 This meandering page-long set of 'reflections on the College' is a bizarre must-read.</ref> In 1978, the story wasn't much better, with the ''[[Spec]]'' running a two-part series on the poor living conditions in River, McBain and other buildings.<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781121-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781122-01.2.7]</ref> The story remained the same in 1983, with caved ceilings, non-functioning appliances, broken lights, etc., blighting dormitories, a combination of decay and shoddy construction taking the blame.<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19831017-01.2.2Dorm decay outpacing maintenance], Columbia Spectator, 17 October 1983</ref>
 In order to supplement the construction of high-rise dormitories on and around campus, the University has also converted a number of apartment buildings for graduate students into dormitories for undergraduates over the years, e.g. [[Ruggles Hall]], [[Hogan Hall]], [[River Hall]], [[McBain Hall]], [[Watt Hall]] etc.

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 Because of the utilitarian nature of Columbia's dormitory designs dating back to [[John Jay Hall]], as well as the limited space available on campus, Columbia has never been an ideal candidate for the types of House or Residential College systems established at Harvard, Yale, or Princeton. As a matter of fact, when philanthropist [[Edward Harkness]], who had funded the completion of the house and residential college systems at Harvard and Yale, offered his checkbook to Columbia, his largesse was directed towards the construction of [[Butler Library]], as the school desperately needed more space than it had in [[Low Library]].
-Nevertheless, the idea of a House system, or borrowing elements from it, have been kicked around since the 1960s<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19610227-01.2.9]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19610414-01.2.29]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19620209-01.2.21]</ref>, and the 1990s<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19880411-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19890913-01.2.5]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19891130-01.2.6]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900129-01.2.10]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900131-01.2.13]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900205-01.2.6]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900206-01.2.12]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900209-01.2.8]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900212-01.2.3]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900215-01.2.7]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900216-01.2.2]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900219-01.2.9]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900220-01.2.3]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900227-01.2.5]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900312-01.2.11]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900328-01.2.16]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900801-01.2.2]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19910415-01.2.31]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19911007-01.2.10]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19920513-01.2.6]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19921016-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19921019-01.2.9]</ref>.
+Nevertheless, the idea of a House system, or borrowing elements from it, have been kicked around since the 1960s<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19610227-01.2.9]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19610414-01.2.29]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19620209-01.2.21]</ref>, and the 1990s<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19880411-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19890913-01.2.5]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19891130-01.2.6]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900129-01.2.10]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900131-01.2.13]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900205-01.2.6]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900206-01.2.12]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900209-01.2.8]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900212-01.2.3]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900215-01.2.7]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900216-01.2.2]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900219-01.2.9]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900220-01.2.3]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900227-01.2.5]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900312-01.2.11]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900328-01.2.16]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19900801-01.2.2]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19910415-01.2.31]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19911007-01.2.10]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19920513-01.2.6]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19921016-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19921019-01.2.9]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19930223-01.2.6]</ref>.
 In [[2000]] the University announced the creation of the [[Living and Learning Center]] (LLC) as an experimental set-up in Hartley and Wallach.<ref>[http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2000/05/10/admins-students-clash-over-housing-changes]</ref>

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 == College Hall ==
-The first mention of dormitories happened during the [[King's College]] days. The second home of [[King's College]] after the [[Trinity Church schoolhouse]], [[College Hall]], was a building that outshone its colonial counterparts in every respect when it was erected in [[1760]]. Student quarters were no exception. The layout of the original College Hall (demolished in [[1857]]) was a row of rooms, of dimensions 18" x 21". Attached to this giant room were two smaller anterooms, measuring 9" x 9", next to each other. The total size of these rooms was 540 square feet. When these rooms were assigned to students, the 378-s.f. room was designated as a 'sleeping area' while each 81-s.f. anteroom was a personal study. Yes, Columbia University once boasted 540-s.f. doubles.
+The first proto-Columbia dormitories were available to students of [[King's College]]. [[College Hall]], King's second home, was a building that outshone its colonial counterparts in every respect when it was erected in [[1760]]. Student quarters were no exception. The layout of the original College Hall was a row of rooms, of dimensions 18' x 21'. Attached to these giant rooms were two smaller anterooms, measuring 9' x 9', next to each other. The total size of each of these suites of three rooms was 540 square feet. When these rooms were assigned to students, the 378-s.f. room was designated as a 'sleeping area' while each 81-s.f. anteroom was a personal study. Yes, Columbia once boasted 540-s.f. doubles.
-Another reason for the size of these rooms was that the professors and the President also lived within College Hall. In this case, the two 81-s.f. anterooms served as a bedchamber and as a study, and the 378-s.f. main room served as a classroom by day and a living room by night. Yet, they were still 540-s.f. rooms. Small wonder then, that a few years after King's College was reconstituted as [[Columbia College]], the faculty and President took over College Hall entirely. In fact, the first thing Columbia's ninth President, [[Charles King]], did was to move his rather sizable family into College Hall. When King presided over the move to the [[Midtown campus]], the first thing he did then was order the construction of a 25-room [[President's House]]. Undergraduate student housing at Columbia, on the other hand, was not looking so good.
+Another reason for the size of these rooms was that the professors and the President also lived within College Hall. In this case, the two 81-s.f. anterooms served as a bedchamber and as a study, and the 378-s.f. main room served as a classroom by day and a living room by night. Yet, they were still 540-s.f. rooms. Small wonder then, that a few years after King's College was reconstituted as [[Columbia College]], the faculty and President took over College Hall entirely. In fact, the first thing Columbia's ninth President, [[Charles King]], did was to move his rather sizable family into College Hall. And when King presided over the move to the [[Midtown campus]], the first thing he did then was order the construction of a 25-room [[President's House]]. Undergraduate student housing at Columbia, on the other hand, was deprioritized.
 == Midtown campus ==

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 === Disrepair and  Modern-day residence halls ===
-Columbia would wait two decades to construct its next purpose-built dormitory, [[Carman Hall|"New Hall"]] in 1959, followed by another two decade wait for [[East Campus]] in [[1981]]. In between, the condition of Columbia dormitories severely deteriorated. The poor quality of housing was even cited as a cause of [[1968 protests]] by the [[Cox Commission]] inquiry. Dean [[Peter Pouncey]] wrote in [[1973]] that students were known to say that the dorms must have been designed "by an architect morbidly conditioned by Humanities A to blend the more oppressive features of Dante's ''Inferno'' with Kafka's diseased imaginings[.]"<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19730501-02.2.10</ref> And so Columbia set about converting doubles into singles, and scrounging up money to add floor lounges in each dormitory during the 70s, but this meant kicking graduate students out of John Jay and Furnald into "temporary" buildings like Ruggles and Harmony.<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19690213-01.2.4</ref><ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19750926-01.2.9</ref> At that time, graduate student permanent housing included McBain and River (then known as Hudson) Halls, which were also in abject condition at the time.<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19741115-01.2.6</reF> Ironically all of those buildings have been converted into undergraduate only housing over the years. By 1976, acting Dean [[Robert Belknap]], observed that "[w]e have four residence halls that are run down, but basically decent structures to live in, Furnald, Hartley, Livingston, and McBain. Carman is badly designed, but fun. John Jay is a gloomy array of single rooms, and many of our students live at home or in apartments that leave much to be desired."<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19761014-01.2.15 This meandering page-long set of 'reflections on the College' is a bizarre must-read.</ref> In 1978, the story wasn't much better, with the Spec running a two-part series on the poor living conditions in River, McBain and other buildings.<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781121-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781122-01.2.7]</ref>
+Columbia would wait two decades to construct its next purpose-built dormitory, [[Carman Hall|"New Hall"]] in 1959, followed by another two decade wait for [[East Campus]] in [[1981]]. In between, the condition of Columbia dormitories severely deteriorated. The poor quality of housing was even cited as a cause of [[1968 protests]] by the [[Cox Commission]] inquiry. Dean [[Peter Pouncey]] wrote in [[1973]] that students were known to say that the dorms must have been designed "by an architect morbidly conditioned by [[Humanities A]] to blend the more oppressive features of Dante's ''Inferno'' with Kafka's diseased imaginings[.]"<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19730501-02.2.10</ref> And so Columbia set about converting doubles into singles, and scrounging up money to add floor lounges in each dormitory during the 70s, but this meant kicking graduate students out of John Jay and Furnald into "temporary" buildings like Ruggles and Harmony.<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19690213-01.2.4</ref><ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19750926-01.2.9</ref> At that time, graduate student permanent housing included McBain and River (then known as Hudson) Halls, which were also in abject condition at the time.<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19741115-01.2.6</reF> Ironically all of those buildings have been converted into undergraduate only housing over the years. By 1976, acting Dean [[Robert Belknap]], observed that "[w]e have four residence halls that are run down, but basically decent structures to live in, Furnald, Hartley, Livingston, and McBain. Carman is badly designed, but fun. John Jay is a gloomy array of single rooms, and many of our students live at home or in apartments that leave much to be desired."<ref>http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19761014-01.2.15 This meandering page-long set of 'reflections on the College' is a bizarre must-read.</ref> In 1978, the story wasn't much better, with the Spec running a two-part series on the poor living conditions in River, McBain and other buildings.<ref>[http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781121-01.2.4]; [http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/cgi-bin/columbia?a=d&d=cs19781122-01.2.7]</ref>
 After EC, the next purpose built dormitory to go up was [[Schapiro Hall]] in [[1988]]. Its construction marked a turning point for Columbia because it allowed to guaranty housing to all undergraduates for the first time in its history. Finally, in [[2000]], Columbia opened its sixth and latest purpose-built high-rise dormitory, [[Broadway Residence Hall]]. The University had mooted a new dormitory to be built in the place of the demolished [[115th Street Brownstones]] in 2007 in order to support a 15% increase in class size of [[Columbia College]], but never proceeded with the plan.